Globally, 303,000 maternal deaths occurred in 2015 and 99% were in developing countries. The majority of these deaths are preventable, yet many women lack access to basic maternal health care. A comparative policy analysis will be conducted between Brazil and Uganda, two countries that have experienced legal cases that have upheld a women’s right to maternal healthcare services. We will examine the context in which maternal mortality reduction laws, policies, and programs were developed and implemented and their impact on maternal mortality. This analysis will focus on the role of human rights-based approaches in shaping these laws, policies, and programs.