This project will be the first to:

(1) conduct a comprehensive analysis of relevant medical literature to extrapolate the health-related risks of solitary confinement;

(2) estimate its health-related economic consequences; and

(3) convene a national interdisciplinary meeting of researchers, policy makers, criminal justice professionals, advocates, and other thought leaders to set the agenda for achieving evidence-based reform of solitary confinement policy and practice in the U.S.