Viruses have been found to cause several major human cancers. Recent studies have found that bovine leukemia virus (BLV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the human papilloma virus (HPV) are more frequently found in the breast tissues of women with breast cancer than in women with no history of the disease. Dr. Baltzell and her team intend to investigate whether it is feasible to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to detect these viruses in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF). They will also assess whether these viruses are more likely to be present in the NAF of women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer than in women with no history of the disease. The findings from this research could help lead to the development of a breast Pap smear for identifying women who are at high risk for breast cancer.