Honduras

Archived Projects: 33

Project
 		Investigator All Locations Start date End date
Wood Smoke and Genetic Susceptibility to Asthma in An Honduran Population Honduras
Wood Smoke and Genetic Susceptibility to Asthma in an Honduran Population Honduras
WHO Adolescent HTC Review Update (PO# 200660799) George Rutherford, MD Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Western Africa, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, Hong Kong S.A.R., China, North Korea, Japan, Macao S.A.R., China, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestinian Territory, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, Anguilla, Turks and Caicos Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Australia, Cook Islands, Guam, French Polynesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
University of California Global Health Institute Women's Health and Empowerment Center of Expertise Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program Craig Cohen, MD, MPH Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian Territory, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, American Samoa, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
Trans-disciplinary Academic Partnerships in Global Health: A Systematic Review Poonam Patel, MS Honduras
The Use of a Fluoride Varnish Application for Dental Caries Prevention in Children Living in Roatán, Honduras: A Cost Analysis Sheba Vincent, MS Honduras
Systematic reviews to support the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Consolidated Guidelines - 2014/HTM/HIV/007 George Rutherford, MD Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Western Africa, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, South Korea, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Slovenia, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Turks and Caicos Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
Strategic Information Technical Assistance Consortium George Rutherford, MD Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa), Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, India, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Thailand, Ukraine, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Guyana, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Papua New Guinea
Roatan Volunteer Pediatric Clinic in Roatan, Honduras Sheila Jenkins, MD Honduras
Roatan Volunteer Pediatric Clinic in Roatan, Honduras Arup Roy-Burman, MD, FAAP Honduras
Research Training in International Transfusion Safety Edward Murphy, MD, MPH South Africa, France, Honduras, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil
Population-based HIV Impact Assessments in Resource-Constrained Settings under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) George Rutherford, MD Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, India, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Thailand, Ukraine, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Papua New Guinea
Perceptions on the Strengthening Babies through Mobile Health Project and Breastfeeding Behavior Determinants among Mothers in Islas de Bahía, Honduras Lyolya Hovhannisyan, MS Honduras
Oral Health is Global Health John Greenspan, BDS, PhD Nepal, Cambodia, Viet Nam, Philippines, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, Haiti, Jamaica, Micronesia, Vanuatu
Office of the UN Special Envoy for Tuberculosis Eric Goosby, MD Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, Hong Kong S.A.R., China, North Korea, South Korea, Macao S.A.R., China, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestinian Territory, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, Caribbean, Anguilla, Turks and Caicos Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Australia, Cook Islands, Guam, French Polynesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
Medical education and serving remote populations Yousef Turshani, MD Zimbabwe, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, Northern Mariana Islands
Interventions for Improving Retention in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Programs (PO 200988865) George Rutherford, MD Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Haiti, Jamaica
Interprofessional teamwork in support of global health Mary Lynch, RN, MPH, MA, FAAN Honduras
International AIDS Education and Training Center E. Michael Reyes, MD, MPH Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Gabon, Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, Kyrgyzstan, China, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Georgia, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Australia
Institute for Global Orthopedics and Traumatology (IGOT) Richard Coughlin, MD Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Egypt, Morocco, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Viet Nam, Thailand, Philippines, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Brazil
Infection Control Training Program: Hand Hygiene in Roatán, Honduras Alexis Stanley, MS Honduras
Implementation of The Global Fund's Programmatic Quality Assurance and Improvement Approach George Rutherford, MD Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Lesotho, Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Togo, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Laos, Syria, Honduras
Global Health Sciences Clinical Scholars Program Immersion Experience Christopher Stewart, MD Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China, North Korea, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Philippines, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian Territory, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, American Samoa, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
Fighting Infections through Research, Science and Technology (FIRST) Service Contract Jaime Sepulveda, MD, DSc, MPH Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
Fighting Infections through Research, Science and Technology (FIRST) Phase 1 and 2: Creating a Partnership to Fight Neglected Infectious Disease in Mesoamerica Jaime Sepulveda, MD, DSc, MPH Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
Evaluation of a program to improve quality supply of essential medicines and medical devices for maternal care and family planning in Honduras Laura Pineda Velandia, MS Honduras
Enabling Better Planned Transitions of Malaria Programming from Global Fund Financing to Domestic Financing Sara Fewer Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Kinshasa), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar, Honduras, Cuba, Haiti
Developing pain management curricula Ramana Naidu, MD Honduras, Brazil
Congenital Syphilis Elimination Cost-Effectiveness Analysis James Kahn, MD, MPH Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Sudan, Tunisia, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Philippines, Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, United Kingdom, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Fiji, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea
Blood safety standards and lab capacity in low & mid income countries Elizabeth Donegan, MD Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Philippines, Armenia, Moldova, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, Dominica, Haiti
Barriers to medication access at Roatan Public Hospital Sylvia Stoffella, PharmD Honduras
Auranofin supplies to test as a macrofilaricide for human onchocerciasis Jaime Sepulveda, MD, DSc, MPH Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
Achieving Global Malaria Eradication through Accelerated Regional Elimination Richard Feachem, DSc, PhD Sao Tome and Principe, Algeria, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Cape Verde, Tajikistan, China, North Korea, South Korea, Bhutan, Iran, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu